An overprotection is the strategy of protecting a pawn or specific square of the chessboard more than is immediately necessary. This serves to dissuade the opponent from attacking that specific point and provides greater freedom of movement for the pieces protecting that square. This can cause an opponent to pursue a faulty plan or no plan at all. Aron Nimzowitsch was one of the foremost proponents of overprotection.
In the following middlegame puzzle, White (Aron Nimzowitsch) has just played 20. Rhe1, completed the overprotection of e5 and thus deciding the fate of the game. Black has no defence. Note the aesthetic effect created by White's position.
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