Problem-Solving Tool

Chess clearly is a problem-solving tool, an ideal way to study decision-making and problem-solving because it is a closed system with clearly defined rules. When faced with a problem, the first step is to analyze it in a preliminary and impressionistic way: sizing up the problem, possibly looking for patterns or similarity to previous experiences. Similarity judgements may involve high levels of abstract reasoning. As in mathematics, which might be defined as the study of patterns, pattern recognition in chess is of prime importance in problem solving. After recognizing similarity and pattern, a global strategy can be developed to solve the problem. This involves generating alternatives, a creative process. A good chess player, like a good problem solver, has “acquired a vast number of interrelated schemata”, allowing for good alternatives to quickly and easily come to mind. These alternatives must then be evaluated, using a process of calculation known as decision tree analysis, where the chess player/problem solver is calculating the desirability of future events based on the alternative being analyzed. The calculation may go several to eight or ten moves ahead. This stage requires serious concentration and memory abilities or visual imagery. Once a suitable alternative for solving the problem is reached and implemented, it can be evaluated. Chess players, like all good problem solvers, will go back and evaluate the outcome of a solution to increase their level of expertise. Experts and potential experts want to know, even when they are successful, if there was a better alternative available to them.