A hole is simply a square left unguarded by pawns, due to those pawns having advanced or gone missing (due to capturing enemy, or having been captured themselves).
The actual holes to look out for arise in the center, between the 3rd and 6th Rank, and also in front of the castled king.
Such a threat as placing a piece on a totally unguarded hole in the enemy's territory, will often draw a defender from another area away from its defense, a tactical theme of removal of guard.
A hole can probably be exploited by the opponent as an avenue or a post for pieces and the areas that are, in general, always sensitive are in front of a castled king and the center.
If you can put a piece on a hole inside your enemy's half of the board, with no enemy pieces or pawns to guard the weak square, your piece is invulnerable to attack. So that piece is more powerful as it cannot easily be dislodged, and whatever enemy unit you are attacking, with that piece, is more susceptible to attack. An example of this can be seen in the following puzzle. It is White to play (the White Queen on the hole at h6 is invulnerable).
Suggested Combination :
1. Bxg6 hxg6 2. Qxg6+ Kh8 3. Bxd6 cxd6 4. Rxe6 Qxe6 5. Rd4 and winning.
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